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22 de nov. de 2024
Luis von Ahn es un informático guatemalteco qué trabajo para Google e incluso le vendió dos compañías –Captcha y Recaptcha- al gigante de las búsquedas y que desde 2011 se dedica a liderar Duolingo, un desarrollo propio que permite aprender idiomas de manera gratuita. En distintas entrevistas que en la última década brindó este profesional de 41 años reveló que gracias a las ventas de sus compañías él tenía el futuro económicamente asegurado, por lo cual comenzó a pensar qué más podría hacer con su vida cuando aún no había cumplido 30 años. En ese contexto es que amasó la idea de crear una aplicación con foco en la educación. ¿Y por qué pensó en educación? Pues bien, este interés le surgió de la observación de un fenómeno muy común en Centroamérica según su propia perspectiva. Y es que en aquellos países la educación lejos de producir o facilitar la movilidad social es una especie de garantía de continuidad de la desigualdad. Sucede históricamente que quien nace en una familia de buen poder adquisitivo sabe que podrá acceder a una educación de calidad, a buenas universidades, se recibirá de profesional y esto le garantizara buenos ingresos durante toda su vida. Por el contrario, quién nace en los sectores menos favorecidos de la sociedad con suerte logrará terminar la escuela primaria, tal vez curse algunos años del nivel secundario y con total seguridad no podrá acceder a la educación de nivel universitario. Esto implica también que sus ingresos durante toda su vida lo mantendrán a él y a su familia en el segmento de aquellos que trabajan para sobrevivir. Vista la educación tal como la describe Luis, es claro que no se constituye como un vehículo de ascenso social sino todo lo contrario, representa la garantía de permanencia de la desigualdad. Este profesional que actualmente trabaja en la Universidad Carnegie Mellon –Pensilvania- observó también qué tanto en Guatemala como en los países vecinos la gente trata de aprender inglés como una vía para conseguir mejores puestos de trabajo y así acceder a una mejor situación económica para ellos y sus familias. Pero naturalmente aprender inglés no es para todo el mundo, acceder a una academia o a cursos de idioma es realmente costoso. Alguien que quiere estudiar inglés para salir de la pobreza no puede pagarlo por ser pobre, según observó Luis. Fue para ayudar a esas personas que el informático pensó en una en una plataforma para aprender idiomas gratuita y de fácil acceso para la mayor cantidad de gente posible. Es por eso que creó Duolingo con el formato de aplicación móvil puesto que un celular es un dispositivo al cual la mayoría de la población puede acceder. Hoy casi 10 años después de su creación Duolingo cuenta con decenas de millones de usuarios en todo el planeta y su utilización continúa siendo gratuita. La plataforma obtiene ingresos por medio de la venta de servicios de traducción a distintas compañías alrededor del mundo, traducciones que son llevadas a cabo por los mismos alumnos mientras aprenden. La historia de Luis retornó esta semana a mi memoria al tomar contacto con lo que sucede en los diferentes sectores socioeconómicos de nuestro país frente a las clases virtuales y las marcadas diferencias de acceso a la tecnología. Internet, la computadora, el celular. En este contexto de pandemia confirmamos que la ausencia de estos dispositivos y la consecuente imposibilidad de conexión de los sectores más vulnerables significan hoy más que nunca la permanencia y profundización de las diferencias socioeconómicas. Cuánto daño hicieron aquellos que discontinuaron el Plan Conectar Igualdad que entregaba todos los años una netbook a los alumnos de escuelas públicas. Sin acceso a la tecnología la movilidad social es una quimera y la educación algo muy parecido a un bien suntuoso.